Write a short note on Indian English Novel

Ans. Indian English is any of the forms of English characteristic of the Indian subcontinent. English has slowly become the lingua franca of India and is the language of their cultural and political elites, offering significant economic, political, and social advantage to fluent speakers. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

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Though English is one of two official languages of the Union Government of India, only a few hundred thousand Indians have English as their first language. According to the 2005 India Human Development Survey, of the 41,554 surveyed households reported that 72 percent of men (29,918) did not speak any English, 28 percent (11,635) spoke at least some English, and 5 percent (2,077, roughly 17.9% of those who spoke at least some English) spoke fluent English.

Among women, the corresponding percentages were 83 percent (34,489) speaking no English, 17 percent (7,064) speaking at least some English, and 3 percent (1,246, roughly 17.6 % of those who spoke at least some English) speaking English fluently. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

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According to statistics of District Information System for Education (DISE) of National University of Educational Planning and Administration under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, enrollment in English-medium schools increased by 50% between 2008-09 and 2013-14.

Indian English generally uses the Indian numbering system. Idiomatic forms derived from Indian literary languages and vernaculars have been absorbed into Indian English. Nevertheless, there remains general homogeneity in phonetics, vocabulary, and phraseology between variants of the Indian English dialect. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

Indian English

English language public instruction began in India in the 1830s during the rule of the East India Company (India was then, and is today, one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the world[14]).

In 1837, English replaced Persian as the official language of the Company. Lord Macaulay played a major role in introducing English and western concepts to education in India. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

He supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers.[15] Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, primary- middle- and high schools were opened in many districts of British India, with most high schools offering English language instruction in some subjects.

Features of Indian English

In 1857, just before the end of Company rule, universities modeled on the University of London and using English as the medium of instruction were established in Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras. During subsequent Crown Rule in India or the British Raj, lasting from 1858 to 1947, English language penetration increased throughout India.

This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the civil services. At the time of India’s independence in 1947, English was the only functional lingua franca in the Country. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

After Indian Independence in 1947, Hindi was declared the first official language, and attempts were made to declare Hindi the sole national language of India. Due to protests from Tamil Nadu and other non-Hindi-speaking states, it was decided to temporarily retain English for official purposes until at least 1965.

History of Indian English

By the end of this period, however, opposition from non-Hindi states was still too strong to have Hindi declared the sole language, With this in mind the English Language Amendment Bill declared English to be an associate language “until such time as all non-Hindi States had agreed to its being dropped.”

This has never occurred, as English is now reckoned as all but in- dispensable. For instance, it is the only reliable means of day-to-day communication between the central government and the non-Hindi states. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

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The spread of the English language in India has led it to become adapted to suit the local dialects. Due to the large diversity in Indian languages and cultures, there can be instances where the same English word can mean different things to different people in different parts of India.

There are three different stages of English Language in India i.e. Cultivated, closely approximating Received Pronunciation and associated with the younger generation of urban and sub-urban regions of metropolitan cities of the country; Standard, a social indicator of higher education, and Regional, associated with the general population, and closely approximating the second-language Vernacular-English variety. They met each other.

Despite the assumption that English is readily available in India, available studies show that its usage is actually restricted to an elite, by providing inadequate education to large parts of the Indian population.

The employment of outdated teaching methods and the poor grasp of English exhibited by the authors of the guidebooks, serve to disadvantage students who rely on these books. Write a short note on Indian English Novel

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